What is central air conditioning system? What are the components of a central air conditioning system? Is it different from conventional air conditioning systems? All will be answered in the content of the article below of the company P69 , please refer to it.

What is a central air conditioning system?

Central air conditioning system is a system consisting of one or more central machines that combine to form an overall cold distribution system for all areas in the building. The central air conditioning system uses water as the cooling agent through the pipeline system leading to the heat exchangers to cool the air.

Construction of central air conditioning system

– Central air conditioner (CHILLER): A device that produces cold water through the pipeline system to supply heat exchangers installed in air-conditioned spaces to cool the air.

– Heat exchanger units (FAN COIL UNITs – FCUs): Are devices located in areas that need air conditioning (the capacity of heat exchangers is selected based on the required cooling capacity of the room that other types are installed. each other), where cold water from the air conditioner passes through the indoor unit to exchange heat with the room air and perform the cooling function.

– Cooling tower and water pump: perform the function of releasing heat energy of the condenser (air conditioner) after the air conditioner performs the work of cooling the water in the evaporator.

– Pipeline and cold water pump system: It is a cold water distribution system from the central air conditioner to the FCU heat exchangers.

– Cold air distribution piping system: It is a system that distributes cold air from FCUs through blowers to areas that need air conditioning.

– Electrical control system: Is a control system that interlocks the equipment in the system (air conditioner, FCU, water pump and cooling tower)

Classification of today’s popular central air conditioning systems

Currently, in the field of air conditioning, there are quite a few systems used for buildings with different uses and different architectural characteristics.

1. Water cooling system

• Water-cooled system, water-cooled condenser.
• Water cooling system, condenser cooling by wind.

This system includes main equipment such as: central air conditioners, heat exchangers, condenser cooling devices, water pumps, …

Cold water produced at central air conditioners is supplied to heat exchangers located in air-conditioned spaces. Here, water acts as a heat exchanger, carrying out the process of receiving heat from the environment in the room, reducing (increasing) the temperature and humidity in the room. After completing this process, the water is recirculated to the central air conditioner and continues a new cycle.

This system is suitable for the air conditioning requirements for different spaces with different temperature – humidity regimes (in each separate space we can choose a desired temperature – humidity depending on on how to control that space)

The installation space requirements for this system are not very high. The distance between the false ceiling and the bottom of the beam is about 100 – 200 mm is possible.

2. Air cooling system

• Air-cooled system, water-cooled condenser.
• Air cooling system, condenser cooling by air

In this system, there are main equipment such as: central air conditioner, cold wind distribution and distribution channels, condenser cooling device…

Unlike the first system, in this system, the central air conditioner produces cold wind and supplies it to the conditioned spaces through the air ducts. Here, cold wind acts as a heat exchanger, carrying out the process of receiving heat from the environment in the room, reducing (increasing) the temperature and humidity in the room. After this process is done, the cold wind is recirculated to the central air conditioner through another wind channel (or directly returned to the engine room) and continues a new cycle.

Working principle of central air conditioning system

The operation of the air conditioning system through the outdoor unit, the indoor unit and the refrigerant. The principle of operation of central air conditioner, basically will be:

– The indoor unit operates continuously to provide fresh air and air conditioning in the room.

– Meanwhile, the outdoor unit will work with the help of pipes and heat conduction medium to adjust the room temperature to the set parameters.

– In the indoor unit, there are two most important parts: the temperature sensor and the signal board. The temperature sensor will record the temperature inside the room and transmit that signal to the processing board. If there is a difference between the room temperature and the set temperature, the board will control the outdoor unit to operate.

– Through the medium, the temperature will be absorbed (cooled) or transmitted (heated) from the room air to the outdoor unit and out. This is a cyclic process, repeated until the room temperature is equal to the set temperature.

– Only when the outdoor unit is in operation will it provide cooling for the indoor unit. So when the outdoor unit is at rest, the indoor unit will only consume power like a normal fan.

Therefore, it is necessary to set the appropriate temperature so that the outdoor unit does not have to work excessively, leading to power loss.

For each different space, there is a limit to the minimum temperature of the indoor unit. Therefore, the temperature should only be maintained at this level or higher to avoid causing the outdoor unit to operate continuously without rest.

Advantages and disadvantages of central air conditioning

The pros and cons of central air conditioning you should know include:

1. Advantages

• Large operating capacity, enough to meet the load for apartments with an area of  ​​​​100m2 or more .
• The wide-area temperature control system eliminates heat disparities between indoor areas.
• Always keep the temperature level guaranteed and stable thanks to the use of inverter compressors.
• Limit heat loss to the outside.
• Integrating many optimal utilities and technologies: inverter and sensor sensor, multi-function screen with LCD remote control, automatic change of cold or heating,…

2. Disadvantages

• Use only in large spaces.
• Not capable of cooling as fast as conventional air conditioners.
• High investment and installation costs.

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